!! 假定所有安装包均在 /share目录，安装目录为 /opt !!
$ ll /share
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 129041873 Nov 29 21:06 mysql-5.1.54-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz==============================================================
========================= 安装 MySQL =======================================================================================0、卸载自带 MSQL
rpm -qa | grep mysql mysql-5.0.77-4.el5_4.2 rpm -e mysql-5.0.77-4.el5_4.2 dovecot-1.0.7-7.el5.i386
1、解压文件
$ groupadd mysql $ useradd -g mysql mysql $ cd /share $ tar zxf mysql-5.1.54-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz $ mv mysql-5.1.54-linux-i686-glibc23 /opt $ cd /opt $ ln -s mysql-5.1.54-linux-i686-glibc23 mysql $ chown -R mysql.mysql mysql-5.1.54-linux-i686-glibc23 $ cp mysql/support-files/my-large.cnf mysql/my.cnf $ cp mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
2、修改配置
$ vi /opt/mysql/my.cnf (参考下面配置) [client] default-character-set=utf8 [mysqld] basedir= /opt/mysql #skip-locking skip-external-locking character-set-server=utf8 default-storage-engine=INNODB max_connections=500 $ vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql (参考下面配置) basedir=/opt/mysql datadir=$basdir/data
3、创建数据库
$ cd /opt/mysql $ ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
4、创建 mysql 服务
$ chkconfig --add mysql $ chkconfig --level 23456 mysql on
5、初始化数据库
$ service mysql start $ cd /opt/mysql $ ./bin/mysql_secure_installation
------------------------------------------
下载 service 脚本：
------------------------------------------
==============================================================
========================= MySQL 主从备份 =======================================================================================主机 IP: 192.168.1.101 (db-server-1)
从机 IP: 192.168.1.110 (db-server-2)----------------------------------------------------------需要备份的数据库: db1、db2----------------------------------------------------------!!! 假设 MySQL 默认 RPM 安装 !!! 配置文件: /etc/my.cnf 安装目录: /usr/ 数据库目录: /var/lib/mysql/ 启动开关: service mysql {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload}----------------------------------------------------------
准备工作: 主机和从机个开启两个终端： A、主1终端、从1终端运行 mysql $ /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p Enter password: B、主2终端、从2终端执行 shell 命令 (首先打开 mysql 日志) (主2终端) $ tail -f /var/lib/mysql/db-server-1.err & (从2终端) $ tail -f /var/lib/mysql/db-server-2.err &----------------------------------------------------------1、(主2终端) 编辑主机 MSQL 配置文件
$ vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld] server-id = 1 log-bin = mysql-bin binlog_format = mixed binlog-do-db = db1 binlog-do-db = db2 binlog-ignore-db = test binlog-ignore-db = mysql binlog-ignore-db = information_schema
$ service mysql restart
2、(主1终端) 主机 MySQL 建立备份用户 (backup / mypass)
msyql> GRANT FILE, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT, SUPER, RELOAD ON *.* TO backup@'192.168.1.110'IDENTIFIED by 'mypass'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec) (完成后可以在从机上做链接测试 [ 从2终端上输入命令: /usr/bin/mysql -h192.168.1.101 -ubackup -p ]，如果不能连通请检查主机防火墙或主机 MySQL 端口)
3、(主1终端) 锁定主机数据库表
msyql> FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)
4、(主1终端) 查看主机 Master 状态
mysql> SHOW MASTER STATUS; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000033 | 458 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
5、(主2终端) 备份主机数据库
$ cd /var/lib/mysql $ tar zcvf db_backup.tar ibdata* ib_logfile* db1/ db2/ $ mv db_backup.tar /tmp
6、(从2终端) 从机导入主机数据库
$ service mysql stop $ cd /var/lib/mysql $ rm -f ibdata* ib_logfile* mysql-bin.* master.info relay-log.info db1/ db2/ $ scp 192.168.1.101:/tmp/db_backup.tar . $ tar zxvf db_backup.tar $ chown -R mysql.mysql ibdata* ib_logfile* db1/ db2/ $ rm -f db_backup.tar
######################## 步骤 5/6 的另一种方法 (相对较慢) ######################## # 5、(主2终端) 备份主机数据库 # ------------------------------ # $ cd /tmp # $ /usr/bin/mysqldump -uroot -pmypass --default-character-set=utf8 --opt --extended-insert=false --triggers --routines --hex-blob -x -q db1 > db1.sql # $ /usr/bin/mysqldump -uroot -pmypass --default-character-set=utf8 --opt --extended-insert=false --triggers --routines --hex-blob -x -q db2 > db2.sql # $ tar zcvf db_backup.tar db1.sql db2.sql # 6、(从2终端) 导入主机数据库 # ------------------------------ # $ cd /tmp # $ scp 192.168.1.101:/tmp/db_backup.tar . # $ tar zxvf db.tar # $ /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p # Enter password: # mysql> create database db1; # mysql> use db1; # mysql> source /tmp/db1.sql; # mysql> create database db2; # mysql> use db2; # mysql> source /tmp/db2.sql; # mysql> exit; # $ rm -f db.tar db1.sql db2.sql ##################################################################################
$ vi /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] server-id = 2 log-bin=mysql-bin binlog_format=mixed replicate-do-db = db1 replicate-do-db = db2 replicate-ignore-db = test replicate-ignore-db = mysql replicate-ignore-db = information_schema relay-log = db-server-2-relay-bin log-slave-updates $ service mysql start
8、(从1终端) 设置备份点
mysql> slave stop; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.101', MASTER_PORT='3306', MASTER_USER='backup', MASTER_PASSWORD='mypass', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000033', MASTER_LOG_POS=458; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> slave start; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
9、解锁主机数据库表
msyql> UNLOCK TABLES; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
10、其他工作
（删除主从机器的临时文件: db_backup.tar）
==============================================================
=================== 配置 MySQL 互为主从备份 ================================================================================(假设已根据上面的步骤配置好 MySQL 主从备份)
1、(从2终端) 编辑从机 MSQL 配置文件$ vi /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] # 加入下面配置 binlog-do-db = db1 binlog-do-db = db2 binlog-ignore-db = test binlog-ignore-db = mysql binlog-ignore-db = information_schema $ service mysql restart
2、(从1终端) 从机 MySQL 建立备份用户 (backup / mypass)
msyql> GRANT FILE, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT, SUPER, RELOAD ON *.* TO backup@'192.168.1.101'IDENTIFIED by 'mypass'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec) (完成后可以在主机上做链接测试 [ 主2终端上输入命令: /usr/bin/mysql -h192.168.1.110 -ubackup -p ]，如果不能连通请检查主机防火墙或主机 MySQL 端口)
3、(主2终端) 编辑主机 MySQL 配置文件
$ vi /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] # 加入下面配置 replicate-do-db = db1 replicate-do-db = db2 replicate-ignore-db = test replicate-ignore-db = mysql replicate-ignore-db = information_schema relay-log = db-server-1-relay-bin log-slave-updates $ service mysql start
4、(主1终端) 设置备份点
mysql> slave stop; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.101', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_USER='backup', MASTER_PASSWORD='mypass'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> slave start; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)